Sri Lanka’s history comes alive in the legendary cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites and once glorious capitals of the island. These cities showcase the island’s golden age of civilization, where kings built magnificent temples, monasteries, palaces, and advanced irrigation systems that still amaze visitors today.
Anuradhapura – The Sacred City
Founded in the 4th century BC, Anuradhapura was the first great capital of Sri Lanka and a thriving center of Theravada Buddhism for over a thousand years.
Highlights of Anuradhapura
- Sri Maha Bodhi Tree – The oldest historically documented tree in the world, grown from a sapling of the sacred Bodhi tree in India.
- Ruwanwelisaya Stupa – A massive white stupa built by King Dutugemunu, an architectural wonder of ancient Sri Lanka.
- Thuparamaya & Jetavanaramaya – Iconic stupas reflecting the devotion and craftsmanship of early builders.
- Monasteries & Reservoirs – Remnants of an advanced civilization that mastered both spirituality and engineering.
Polonnaruwa – The Medieval Capital
After the decline of Anuradhapura, the throne moved to Polonnaruwa in the 11th century. This city is known for its impressive stone architecture, intricate carvings, and world-famous Buddha statues.
Highlights of Polonnaruwa
- Gal Vihara – A group of colossal Buddha statues carved from a single granite rock, admired for their serene beauty.
- Royal Palace & Audience Hall – The ruins of King Parakramabahu’s palace showcase the grandeur of the medieval kingdom.
- Parakrama Samudraya – A vast man-made reservoir reflecting the advanced hydraulic engineering of the time.
- Rankoth Vehera & Lankatilaka Temple – Towering monuments that blend artistry with devotion.
Why Visit the Ancient Capitals?
Exploring Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa is like walking through an open-air museum. Visitors experience sacred temples, timeless monuments, and a glimpse into a civilization where religion, culture, and technology thrived in harmony.
Practical Information
- Location: North Central Province, Sri Lanka
- Best Time to Visit: November to April (dry season with pleasant weather)
- Travel Tips: Wear comfortable shoes, carry water, and dress modestly when visiting religious sites.
✨ A journey to Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa is a step back in time – perfect for history lovers, pilgrims, and curious travelers eager to uncover the ancient roots of Sri Lanka’s proud heritage.
